Feeding molten glass



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Patented May 31, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

manure monrmr Grass.

Application filed January 88, 1926. Serial llo. 84,495

This application is mainly a division of my copending application for Letters Patent filed May 5, 1919, Serial No. 294,792 and is filed for the purpose of claiming certain features disclosed in the original application. particularly the control of the shape of mold charges of molten glass, produced and severed in suspension below a discharge outlet, by controlled interaction between the shears which sever the lass and the glass that is being severed. uch controlled interaction between the shears and the glass may be produced by raising the glass past the severing plane while the shears are cutting through the glass, by altering the cutting speed of the shears, causing the speed of the shear blades to change while they are passing through the glass, or by a combination of these operations.

Certain of the claims in this application are also readable upon my earlier application for Letters Patent filed December 4, 1916, Serial No. 134.828. and therefore this application is to be considered as a. continuation of that earlier application as to all subiect matter common to the two applications Serial No. 134,828 and Serial No. 294.792.

The present application is largely con cerned with the shapin of the lower ends of the mold charges by causing the columns of glass which connects each mold charge with the parent body of glass to move up wardly during part or all of the time when theglass column is being severed. By thus causing the severing means to operate in co-action with the rising movement of the glass adjacent to the severing means. the stub of glass which remains above the shears after severing is given a generally tapered. rounded or couoidal shape. and this severed and shaped stub forms the lower end of the next succeeding mold charge. tion between the shears and the rising glass may he termed a whittling action. by analogy with the whittling of the end a wooden stick b means of a knife.

By varying the speed at which the column of glass is lifted. the speed at which the shears are advanced to sever the glass. the extent to which the shear-speed is retarded as the shears cut through the glass, the position at which the shears are set, or the This co-acrelative timing of the lifting and shearing o erations, or by combinations of these c anges, a wide variety of shapes may be imparted to thelower ends of the mold charges. and such shapes may be conoidal, rounded, shouldered or of ogee outline, as will more fully appear below.

The ultimate ob ect of the present invention. like that of the parent a plication Serial No. 294,792, is to pro uce mold charges shaped, as closely as may be,. to the shapes of the cavities of the molds in which the mold charges are to be received. It is a general rule in feeding molten glass that the best shaped together or mold charge is the one that does the least settling when it reaches themold. Consequently, a charge is preferred which is similar in contour to the mold cavity, since the glass is then deposited in the mold with a minimum amount of set tling. The lower portions of the cavities of glass molds are common] more restricted than the bod portions 0 the cavities. and the restricte lower portions have various shapes. some tapering more or less, others being rounded, and still others being formed with a shoulder and with a bottom cavity of reduced diameter as compared with the remainder of the molding cavity. It will thus be seen that the lower ends of mold charges must be shaped in various ways in order to .conform as closely as possible to this considerable variety of shapes at the lower ends of the molding cavities. The present application is concerned with the production of these end-shapes, and their control.

The following is a cop of the entire specification of my origina application Serial No. 294,792, and the accompanying drawings are complete reproductions of the drawings of the original application.

This invention relates to the segregation and separation of molten glass into mold charges. It has for its object the production of mold charges of suitable form and homogeneity to be most advantageously used in glass shaping machines. and it comprises a method and apparatus whereby such mold charges may be preformed while segregating them from a supply of molten glass in a furnace or container, and before bringing their external surfaces into contact with relatively cold molds or other supporting or forming means, and whereby the form and size of such char es may be controlled and varied at will, and without destroyin their uniform consistency by the unequal c illing action of external or relatively cold molds or other supports or forming means.

It is a prominent characteristic of molten glass, that when it issues or is Withdrawn rom the furnace or container, and is exposed to the colder surroundings outside of the furnace, it acquires a partially chilled surface or skin, known in this art as enamel. This enamel iscoldest and stifiest on its outer surface, and adually merges into the hot and more p astic interior of the glass. When a charge of this glass is delivered to a mold, any undue stretching, rupture,- or infolding of theenamel will cause defects in the article being made. Any trapping of air by the glass, due to lapping or folding of the surface of the glass as it is delivered to the molds will also cause defects. To avoid these defects it is desirable to preform-the mold change, before it enters the mold, so that its external contour will closely approximate the interior contour of the mold walls, or at least that portion of the mold which receives the gather. This is of special importance in the making of blown glassware. A mold char e which is to form a narrow necked bottle, or example, should be preformed as an elongated cylinder, so that its entire surface may as nearly as possible contact equall with the mold walls for the same length 0 time. Un ual contact of different portions of the sur ace, or unequal duration of contact of the different portions tends to produce an unsymmetrically chilled and enameled blank or parison, which will not blow out uniformly, because the hotter portions will stretch more than the cooler portions, resulti in a poor bottle having a wall of uneven t ickness.

These conditions have evidently been recognized to some extent by the hand gatherer, practicing his ancient art, who by manipulation of his punty or 'gatherin rod during the gatherin operation re ormed his gather or mold c arge, as wel as he could by this primitive method, to fit the mold, or that portion of the mold that receives the gather,thus attemptin to avoid undue deformation of the mold c iarge when deposited in the mold. On the other hand, these conditions have received little or no attention in the gathering or feeding of molten glass as heretofore practiced by machine or other automatic methods.

The present invention accom lishes this preliminary sha ing of mold c arges with greater ease an exactness than heretofore by the adjustable operation of suitable impelling means coacting with an orifice below whichthe mold charges are accumulated and suspended, and it employs the elongation of the suspended charges in controlling their shape. It also makes use of coaction between the impelling means and suitable severing means, convenient adjustments being provided to allow control of the severing means and impelling means as to relative time of o eration, speed and position.

Various adjustments of the impelling means as well as of the severing means to control and vary the form of the gathers and mold charges during continuous operation, are herein described as operating adjustments, that is they may be made while the machine is in operation, thus allowing the maintenance of the flow of glass and the uniform heat conditions which are so essential in pro er operation of glass feeding alpparatus. toppin of the machine to ma e adjustments woulc sto the flow of glass and would have the e ect of allowin the lass to 'chill near the outlet and of c angmg the heat conditions. operatingconditions would be changed so that the immediate efi'ect of the adjustments could not be observed and employed as a guide in making these adjustments. In the present invention, on the other hand, these adjustments may be made while the apparatus is operating so that the progressive effect of these ad ustments may be observed while they are being made, thus giving better control of the operation.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 is a general front elevation of the apparatus with the lower part or base omitted;

Fig. 2 is'a side elevation of the machine, shown partly in section, made approximately along line 2-2 of Fig. 1, withthe shear mechanism omitted and showing the glass furnace and its conduit for thc molten glass;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing some of the shear mechanism:

Fig. 4 is a front elevation, showing the base of the machine;

Fig. 5 is a plan view in section along the line 5-5 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation taken artly in section along line 6-6 of Fig. 7 of the center portion of the machine and shows the impeller, outlet and shear carriers,,with the right hand shear in place and the left hand shear omitted;

Fig. 7 is a side elevation taken in section along the center line of Fig. 6 with the shear mechanism omitted and shows the impeller drive connection and adjustments for stroke and position; i v

Fig. 8 is a front view of the right-hand shear carrier and shear blade;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the parts shown in F ig. 8;

Fig. 10 is a iplan view in section takenon line 1010 0 Fig. 8;

As a result the 1 operating with Fig. 11 is an end elevation in section taken on line. 11-11 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation taken through the right-hand shear lever pivot of Fig. 1, and shows the adjustment for shear cutting speed;

Fig. 13 is a section plan along line 13-13 of Fig. 12:

Fig. 11 shows an elevation of the impeller driving cam with itsdrivin gears;

Fig. 15 is a sectional e evation on line 15-45 of Fig. 14:

Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation on line 16- 16 of Fig. 14; 15 Fig. 17 is a bottom view of a section on line 17-47 of Fig. 14;

Figs. 13 and 19 are elevations of the impeller cam partly in section similar to Fig. 15 showing extreme adjustments; 20 Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of the worm adjustment for the impeller cam: Figs; E21 and 22 shows different shapes of cam lobes for the impeller cam:

Figs. 23, 24, 25 and .26 show sectional elevations of various types of molds with charges of glass in them:

Figs. 27 to 31 inclusive are sectional elevations to illustrate steps in the formation of the mold charge shown in Fig. 23;

Figs. 32 to 36 inclusive are. sectional clevations to show steps in the formation of the mold charge shown in Fig.'24;

Figs. 3'? and 38 are sections showing steps in the formation of the mold charge shown in Fig. 26;

Figs. 39 and 40 illustrate in section the action of reducing the neck of a suspended gather before severing;

Figs. 41 to 45 inclusive are elevations, partly in section, showing steps in theformation of a moreattenuated column of glass issuing-as a stream; 1

Figs. 46 to 49 inclusive show various forms of impellers; and

Figs. 50 and 51 show diagrammatic rear elevations of the right-hand shear cam and roll.

The invent-ion is herein shown embodied in a. machine having the necessary mechanical movements and adjustments. and coa. conduit. projecting from a glass furnace, from which the molten glass is thus delivered in mold charges to an associated molding or shaping machine.

The molten glass flows from the glass furnace 1 through a channel or conduit 2 2) to arr-outlet 3. It is there acted upon by an impeller 13 mounted for vertical movemeat, and provided with various adjust. mcnts.

As it issues periodically in regular cyc es from the outlet. it forms successive gathers 1' mm which mold charges are severed by shear blades 4 reciprocating below the outlet. The separated mold charges fall upon a moistened chute 5 and slide upon it to -carries two brackets 16 (Fig.

the molds 6 mounted on the table 7 of the associated shaping machine (Fig. 5).

The channel 2 is made of refractor ma terial surrounded on the bottom and si as by heat insulation 11. At the outer end of the channel is an outlet spout 12, the interior of which is shaped so as to coact with the impeller 1 This spout is held in an iron frame or case 14. which also serves as a retainer for the insulation 11. the spout being surroundcd with insulation. except at the outlet 3.

The bed 15 is carried by thesame foundation which supports the base of the machine. It serves to support the channel 2 by means of intermediate refractory supports 10 and clamped thereto by screws 17 and which support the spout case 14. The brackets also carry set screws 18 which bear against projections on the spout case and hold the spout against the end of the channel. These screws may be adjuster to allow for expansion and contraction of the channel and spout. The brackets alsq carrv removable dri pans 2.0 for receiving the cooling water dripping from the shear blade: 4 and from the sprays 21.

Over the spout is a cover E22 01 refractorv material carried in a metal case 23 whici also serves as a retainer for heat insulation 11. the metal plate 24 serving to keep the insulation in place. The platc'24 and cover 22 have openings through which the impeller projects Back of this cover and ovcr the channel is another refractory cover 25 form- 100 ed so as to retain heat insulation 11 which is covered by a metal plate 26 to keep it in place.

The channel and spout are heated by suit able means, such as a gas burner 27. which 1 n'ojects through the side wall block 30. This urner is provided with air and gas valves 31 for regulating the flame, which partly fills the space over the molten glass. The products of combustion are carried ofi by the 10 fire brick stack 32 carried on refractory lintels 33, which bridge the channel and are separated at their ends by refractory blocks.

At the upper end of the stack is a damper 3-1 carried on a pivot 35 and adjustablei m through an arm 36, and connecting rod 37 having a handle at its outer end and provided with notches 38 engaging with a stop 40, thus allowing the damper .to be set atany desired opening. ing the burner and perature may be maintained in and over the channel and spout. The insulation acts to conserve the heat. and the radiation trom the rear assists in heating the'outlet end, 1:5 thus tending to maintain a uniform temperature throughout,

A gate 41 for regulating the glass flow is suspended by l nks 42 from arms 43 fast on the shaft 11 at each end thereof. T he M0 damper the proper tern.-

By appropriately adjustn20" partly by cutting. thereb the base right-hand arm 43 bears a pointer 45 registerin with a scale 46 to indicate the setting o? the gate. A screw 47 carrying a hand wheel 50 bears against an extension 51 of the right-hand ate arm 43, thus allowing the position 0 the gate to be adjusted by turning the hand wheel 50. The glass surface in the furnace 1 is preferably maintained at a higher level than that desired in the spout 12 and the level or head desired in the spout may be maintained by adjustment of the gate.

Clamped against the outlet block or spout 12 is an outlet ring 52 (Figs. 6 and 7) made of refractory material. This ring is carried in a metal holder 53 hin ed by an open sided bearing 54 to allow read removal, on a pivot 55 and is drawn up against an abutment by screws 56 (Fig. 5 Between the outlet ring and the spout. is a packing 57 of reractory clay. The object of thls construction is to allow the size of the outlet to be changed at will by easy and rapid change of the outlet rings. In practice an outlet rim of the size desired is laced in the hol er and covered with su cient plan ic clay to form the packing 57. The holder is then hooked over the pivot 55 and drawn up against its abutment. squeezing the plaslZIC packing into place.

Tie frame of the machine is carried by 58 (Figs. 3,4 and 5) and surrounds the channel and spout. The base carries columns may be driven by a pulley 62 (Fig. 1) as shown and may be connected to a shaping machineby any suitable means for synchronizing its 0 erations with those of this machine. T e shaft 61 carries cams 63 for driving the shears and serves as a pivot for the impeller cams. The shear blades 4 are notched as shown in Fig. 9. This allows them to enclose the glass and to constrict it on all sides as well as to cut it. For this reason they act to separate the glass partly by constriction and y ,minimizing the shear nark on the severed glass.

The shear blades 4 are fastened to shanks which are carried in adjustable heads or holders 65 (Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11, which show the right-hand holder), by means of which the blades may be adjusted u down and sidewise relatively to each 0t er and to the outlet 3, so as to sever the glass at the desired position and to operate to the best advantage. The shank 64 of each lade is r'movably held in a vertical slide 66 split. in its lower portion at 67 (Figs. 10 and 11) and clamped by means of the clamp screws 70. The vertical slide 66 fits a guide- .way on a. cross slide 71 as shown in Fig.

10 and may be adjusted up and down by means of the adjusting screw 72 by its hand wheel 73. The slide 66 may be c amped in place in its uideway by the screw 74 and clamp 75. 'fiie cross slide 71, which carries the vertical slide and its adjustment fits in a guideway 78 (Fig. 8), and ma be clamped in place b the screw 76 and c am 77, thus allowing the shear blades to be ad justed for transverse osition and clamped to lace. Theshear b ades may be adjusted en wise by moving their shanks in and out in their holders, either for the proper initial setting or for a controlling adjustment, although a is provided for this purpose. In this we the shear blades may be moved in three d1- rections so as to bring them into proper relationship to the outlet and proper alignment with each other. To move the severing plane to a higher or lower level, both shear blades are adjusted up or down as desired, the roper cutting alignment between them in maintained by turning both hand wheels 3 the same amount.

The shear holders above described are carried on the ends of the carriers 80 guided between grooved guide rollers 79 pivotedon the columns 60, and are protected by the guards 81 projecting from these columns. The carriers 80 are moved toward and away from each other by means of levers 82 carrying at their lower ends rollers 83 which engage with slots 84 in the carriers. The shear levers are pivotally mounted on studs 85 and 86 carried on the columns 60. The upper ends of the shear levers are provided with cam rollers 87 which are held by suitable springs 90 against the shear cams 63 which are fixed on the main shaft 61, the cams being shaped to move the shear blades to and from each other to cut oil the successive mold charges when formed.

The shears may be stopped in their retracted positions without stopping the rest of the machine by moving the hand lever 91 to the position shown in Figs. 8, 4 and 5. This rocks the shaft 92 and transmits the motion to shaft 93 by means of bevel sector 94 and bevel gear 95. This shaft carries two cams 96 a ainst which bear the rollers 97 carried by t e slides 98 so that the rocking of the shaft 93 raises or lowers them. These slides are connected by means of connecting rods 100 with the arms 101 which are pivoted on the studs 85 and 86 with the shear levers 82. These arms bear against the lower side of the shear lever extensions 102. In this way the shear levers may be positively held against the action .ot' the springs 90 to hold the shears inactive in their retracted positions while the cams continue to rotate. By reversing the position of the hand lever 91, the arms 101 will be swung down and the shears will be allowed to resume normal operation.

preferable operating adjustment Ill lll

IBI

The hand lever 18 tour at thettwo cutting points.

91 may be locked in position by means of the latch 103 worked by a knob 104.

For controlling the shape'of the lower ends of the gathers, while the machine is in operation, an operating adjustment is provided for increasing or lessening the rapidity with which the shear blades cut through the lass, by using earlier or later portions of t e contour of the shear, cams (Figs. 50 and 51). These cams are shaped to give it gradually decreasing speed to the shear slides toward the inner ends of their strokes, so that by varying the point in the path of the slides at which severing begins the severing speed may be varied. For this purpose those port-ions of the pivot studs 85 and 86 which carry the shear levers 82 are made e: centric to the portions which are supported in the frame. the eccentricity of one pivot stud 86 being set downwardly (Fig. 12) and the eccentric portion of the other pivot stud 85 being set upwardly. This enables these eccentric pivotal supports for the shear levers to be adjusted toward or away from each other. hen adjusted toward each other the shear blades meet and sever the glass at an earlier period, at a time hen the respective cam rolls 87 are in contact with a steeper or more inclined portion of the cam contour, as shown in Fig. 50, so that the severing operation is performed quicker, and therefore in shorter time. thus making a blunter ended gather. On the other hand, when the eccentric portions of the studs 85 and 86 are turned outwardly, the shear blades meet and sever the lass at a later period in their stroke, at which time their respective cam rolls 87 engage with the less inclined contours of the shear cams 63, as shown in Fig. 51. thus severing the glass in a longer time, and therefore more slowly, and making a more pointed end on the gather. The dot-andash tan-gent lines 105 in Figs. 50 and 51 show the relative steepness of the cam con- The pivot studs 85 and 86 for the shear levers are turned to utilize their eccentric movements by means of levers 106 (Figs. 1. 12 and 13), Whlth are connected by a rod 107 so as to turn both pivot studs at the same time and 'to the same extent; but on account of the oppositely arranged eccentricity of the studs, move the pivotal points of the levers in opposite directions. The connecting rod 107 may be adjusted for length by a right and lcft-hand threaded nut 108. One of the lovers is provided with a handle 110 for turning the eccentrics.

The scale 111 is provided to indicate the extent to which the eccentrics are turned. The s' ale is read in connection with the oinler 113 attached to the column and ma e clamped in any desired position by the screw 112 about it The shear blades are cooled between successive severing operations by means of water sprays 21 (Figs. 1 and 6), supplied by pipes 111 and regulated by Valves 115. The water from the sprays strikes the blades in their retracted positions and is linall caught by the drain pans 20 from which the \i'aicr is drained away.

The impeller 13 for timing and controlling the extrusion and formation of the gathers is made of refractory clay and is guided for vertical movement into or through the outlet ring in a line concentric with this ring by the guide shafts 116 and 117 sliding in bearings 120 and 121 respectively which are formed in the spout case (Figs. 2, 6 and 7). The guide shaft 117 carrie an arm 12-. to which a split holder 123 carrying the impeller is detachably and adjustably secured b clamp screws 121 which pass through e ongated holes in the holder 123 to allow it to he slid in and out on the arm 122. This arm 122 is clamped to the shaft 117 by a screw 125 allowing it to be swung about the shaft. In this we the impeller holder 123 ma he slid radially in and out from the sha t 117 or swung and clamped in position to bring the point of the impeller into alignment with the outlet, thus compensating for warping of the impeller or for variation in different impellers. The shaft 117 also carries an arm in which the uide shaft 116 is fastened. The lower en of this shaft comes opposite the. scale 127 fastened to'the spout case. This scale is graduated to indicate the position of the lower end of the impeller relative to the lower side of the outlet ring. The impeller is clamped in its holder 123 by screws 128, and may be quickly exchanged for another impeller of any desired shape. Various shapes of impellers for different effects are shown in Figs. 45 to 48 inclusive.

The impeller and its carrier are suspended by the connecting rod 130 and its pivots 131 and 132 from the lever 133 pivoted at its hub 134 on the shaft 135. This lever carries an adjusting screw 136 bearing a hand wheel 137. The end of this adjusting screw bears against another lever 138 also pivoted at its hub 140 on the shaft 135. so that both levers are uided side by side between fixed collars. T e lever 1.38 has at its upper end a stud 141 carrying a cam coll 14-2 which is held against the impeller cam shown in outline at 143 in Fig. 7 by the weight of the impeller and its carrier. The impeller cam thus governs the rise and fall of the impeller. By turning the hand wheel 137 and revolving the adjusting screw 136 the relative angular position of the two levers 133 and 138 may be varied. The effect of this is to raise and lower the working range of the impeller movements. The im'peller may also be heldinactive in its upper position by 1 turning the latch 144 carried by the lever 133 over the projection 145 carried by the shaft 146.

8 In addition to the height adjustment above described, the connecting rod 130 is made adjustable by means of a turn buckle, provided with right and left hand screw threads at its opposite ends, and connecting the upper and lower portions of the connecting rod. Check nuts are provided to clamp the parts tightly after the desired adjustment has been made. By turning the turn buckle, the connecting rod 130 may be lengthened or shortened and the working range of the impeller lowered or raised, as desired. This ad'ustment may be used in place of, or in a dition to the hand wheel adjustment above described.

The impeller 13 may be held inactive at lower posltions projecting into the glass at the outlet, or even through the outlet, by adjusting the connectin rod 130, which connects the impeller 13 with the lever 133 and operatin the latch 144. By thus holding the impe ler inactive at its ower positions and ad3acent the outlet, the gravity outflow of the glass can be timed and shaped for various forms of gathers by operating the severing means only.

The length of stroke of the impeller may be varied by slidin the pivot 131 of the connecting rod 130 m the slot 147 provided in the lever 133. This changes the effective length of the lever. This pivot 131 .is provided with a nut by means of whih it may be clamped in any desired position as indicated by graduations along the slot 147 to give the impeller the desired length of stroke.

The impeller cam is composed of several arts as shown in Figs. to 19 inclusive.

he sleeves 150 and 151 are loose on the 'main drive shaft 61 and are provided with bevel gears 152 and 153' respectively at their outer ends, and with flanges 154 and 155 at their inner ends. These flanges form part of the cam surface and also hold removable cam lobes 156 and 157 which serve. to gov- 1 cm the rise and fall of the impeller respectively. The lobe 156 which raises the impeller, is carried b the ri ht-hand flange 155 and is removab y secured to it by clamp screws 158 which enter the slots 160 therein and serve to locate the lobe. I The left-hand flange 154carries the lobe 157 which govferns the fall of the impeller. This lobe is also detachably secured to the flange 154 by means of clam screws 161' which enter the slots 162 therein and thus locate .the lobe. By this arran out the two cam lobes can be revolved a ut the shaft independently of each other so that their angular position relative to each be varied within certain limits. For in- 159 being provided to other and around shaft may stance Fi 14 to 17 inclusive show the lobes set 17% egrees apart, while Fig. 18 shows them set close together. Fig. 19 shows them separated to a maximum of degrees, a pin revent separating them beyond the allowable limits.

The main drive shaft 61 revolves in the direction of the arrow shown on the drive pulley 62 (Fig. 1) and drives the bevel gears 163 and 164 which are fastened to it. These bevel gears drive the inions 165 and 166 which in turn drive the bevel gears 152 and 153 thus rotating the sleeves 150 and 151 with their cam parts, respectively. The pinions are mounted for rotation on holders 167 Fig. 20) which are revolubly mounted on t e main shaft 61 and provided with worm wheel sectors 170. These sectors are engaged by worms 171 (Fig. 20) carried on shafts 172 which are provided with hand wheels 173 and 174 respectively. By revolving the hand wheels the pinion holders 167 are rotated about the shaft 61 thus moving the sleeves 150 and 151 relative to the driving gears 163 and 164, respectively. This has the effect of angularly advancing or retarding the sleeves 150 and 151 bearing the cam lobes 156 and 157. In this manner the lobes may be set to act at any desired time relative to the shears and to each other. By turnin the right-hand hand wheel 174 the rightand sleeve 151 is advanced or retarded, thus advancing or retarding the cam lobe 156 by which the impeller is raised. By turnin the left-hand hand wheel 173 the cam 10 e 157, whiclr governs the fall of the impeller is advanced or retarded. By properly turnin both hand wheels the same amount both 10 s as a whole may be advanced or retarded, correspondingly changing the time of the impeller operations relative to the time of the shear operations. In this manner the various characteristics of the impeller action may be varied, and its operating period may be advanced or retarded relative to the severing operation. For, visibly indicating. these adjustments of the impeller cams, the shafts 172 are provided with gear teeth meshing with teeth on the indicator dials 175 which register with the ointers 180.

One e ect of advancing or retarding the cam lobe 156 by which the im eller is raised, is to make the up-stroke o the impeller earlier orlater relative to the severing operation. The rapidity of the rising movement of the impeller during the severing o ration may thus be varied by taking a vanta of the contour of the cam lobe 156 which is preferably shaped'to give a gradually increasing speed to the impeller during the first part of its upstroke. By advancing the cam lobe 156 re atively to the shear cams the impeller may be made to rise more rapidly during severing and by retarding this lobe the impeller may be made to rise more slowly during severing. This cam lobe may also be set so that the impeller begins to rise after the severing is partially or entirely completed. 7

The characteristics of the impeller stroke may be still further altered by substituting other cam lobes which provide a rise or fall of any desired character. The cam lobes 176 and 177 shown in Fig. 21, for instance, give a rise and fall extending over a longer period than those in Fig. 15. The lobes 178 and 179 shown in Fig. 22 give a quicker rise and fall than those shown in Fig. '15. These lobes are arranged so as to be readily changed by simply loo:ening the clamp screws which are carried by the lobes, and substituting other lobes.

The chute 5 is formed of porous material ;;,such as carbon and is placed in a sloping position as shown in Fig. 2 with its upper end under the outlet 3 to receive the separated mold charges, and with its lower end over the mold charging station of the shaping machine as shown in plan in Fig. 5. The chute is supplied with water through a flexible tube 181 which connects with a recess 182 (Fig. 6) formed in the upper end of the chute. A valve 183 regulates the water suppl Sutlicient water 'is supplied to moisten t e chute. When the glass falls on the chute the water is turned to steam where the lass touches it, so that the glass slides free and rapidly down'gth chute on a film ot steam and drops into the mold 6. The chute is supported on vertical pivots so mounted that it may be swung out of or into the glass receiving position to interrupt or begin the deliver of the mold charges to the'molds as desired. When the chute is swung out, the glass drops throu h an opening in the base 58 into a suitab e receptacle.

In operation, the gate -11 is raised to the proper point to maintain the desired head of glass over the outlet and the machine is set in motion, reci rocating the impeller and the shears. T e molten glass' issues from the outlet under the combined influence of gravity 'and the action of theimpeller, which times and controls its accumulation in gathers which are successively suspended from the outlet ring and from the impeller" end. For each complete reciprocation of the impeller there is a reciprocation of the shears which severs a mold charge from each suspended ather. After each severing operation the reshly cut end or stub remaining below the outlet, and forming the lower end of the succeeding gather, is moved upwardly, or its downward... movement is retarded, by

the action of the impeller.

By usin appropriate sizes of outlet ring and impe er, and, by tplroper setting of the various adjustments, 0 shape of the top,

body, and lower end of the mold charge may be varied separately at will as hereinafter described.

The size of the outlet ring is chosen with relation to the general shape of the body of the mold charge, a smaller diameter oulet being used for a long mold charge than for a short charge. For a nearly spherical charge a larger diameter outlet is used than for a longer cylindrical charge. The relation of the diameter of the gather to the outlet size depends parlly on the speed of the. machine and the viscosity of the glass, as these influence the elongation and conse quent reduction in diameter of the glass column issuin from the outlet. In general a higher speed requires a larger outlet than a slower speed does, while greater viscosity requires a larger outlet than a lower viscosity would.

The size of the impeller end depends to a certain extent on the size of the outlet used, since the impeller and outlet coact to produce effects hereinafter described. The larger the outlet, the blunter the end of the impeller may be. other conditions being equal. The size of the impeller end also depends on the general shape or the mold charge desired. For a short compact charge a blunter ended impeller is preferably used, while for a more elongated charge a more pointed im eller is preferred.

The weig t or quantity of the mold charge maybe regulated by the gate, which deter mines the depth of glass over the outlet. Raising the gate gives adieavier charge and lowering it decreases the weight of the charge.

The impeller acts upon the glass partly by displacement and partly by adhesion of the glass to it. Consequently as the impeller moves downward it gives a downward or extrusion im ulse to the glass issuing from the outlet. his extrusion impulse aids the gravity head at the outlet and increases the rate of discharge of the glass. As the impeller moves u ward it gives an upward or intrusion impu se to the glass within and below the outlet. This intrusion impulse opposes the gravity head at the outlet, tending to retard the dischar e of glass from the outlet, and may be ma e to reverse the motion of the glass within and below the outlet, raising it u to an extent depending on the extent an' strength of the impulse. The impeller also furnishes part of the support for the glass below the outlet. this support being greatest when the impeller rotrudes below the outlet and less for hig er positions of the impeller. As the impeller rises it gradually withdraws this support, transferring more of the weight of the suspended glass to the outlet. Another effect of projecting the im eller below the outlet is to enlarge the nec of the suspended gather by the d18- placement. of support.

The downward or extrusion impulse of the impeller may be used to control the shape of the body and upper end of the gather and its resulting mold charge. This impulse tends to increase the diameter of the suspended and elongating glass, in proportion to the extent and strength of the impulse. By adjusting the hand wheel 173 to advance the cam lobe. 157 the extrusion impulse comes earlier which tends to in crease the diameter of the body of the gather rather than the diameter of the upper end only. By retarding the impulse it tends to enlarge only the upper end of the gather. Increasin the extent of the downward im- This also increases the amount pulse, whlch may be done by lengthening the pulse may e varied by. varying the working position and size of the impeller and by varying the character of its downward stroke. A lower position tends to give a stronger impulse and vice versa. A larger or blunter impeller also gives a stronger imthem cutmore slowly, as the pulse. By changing the cam lobe 157 the character and duration of the downward stroke and therefore of the extrusion impulse may be varied. A faster downward stroke of shorter duration increases the strength of the impulse but applies it locally to a more limited portion of the' gather. The decrease in diameter of the gather due to its elon ation by gravity may thus be compensate for to any extent. By shaping the cam lobe so as to increase or decrease the relative speeds of the downward stroke at different parts of this stroke a variety of eflects may be secured, allowing more varied control of the shape of the gather.

In thismanner by use of the proper arts and by 'roper setting of the various a justments t e shape of the body and u per end of the gather and its resulting mo (1 charge mag be varied.

y turning the hand wheel 1'74 and setting the cam lobe 156 to raise or reverse the glass adjacent to the outlet while the shears are severing, the upward or intrusion impulse of the impeller, coacting with the constricting and severing action of the shears may be used to vary the shape of the lower end of the gather and its resultant mold charge.

The contour of the cut glass surface may be varied by varying the cutting speed of the shears as- 'reviously described so that the shape of t e and therefore of the end of the succeed" mold charge may be controlled. By having the shears out as quickly as possible during the raising of the stub, a blunt ended stub is obtained. By having glass forming the stub is raised by theintrusi'on impulse; a

more pointed stub is obtained. The raising speed of the glass may also be varied by advancin or retarding the intrusion im also and taliing advantage of the gradua increase in upward speed of the. impeller durits stroke due to the shape of the cam the gather. (Figs. 37, 38.) This shoulder may be made more or less abruptb adjustment. In this manner various com inations of raisin and cutting speeds may be obtained, a lowing the shape of the lower end of the mold charge to be varied.

The up=stroke of the impeller and its re sulting intrusion impulse may also be used to vary the shape of the gather above the part formed b the severing o eration. The initial formation of the stub y cooperation between the intrusion im ulse and the shears has already been described. The further elongation, due to its weight, of the stub and of the portion of the ather above the stub ma be varied or its e ect may be compensate for by varying the character of that part of the up-stroke taking place after severing. For instance, by retarding the discharge of the lass the lower part of the ather may be filowed to elongate before 't e remainder of the gather is allowed to form. This elongation decreases the diameter of the elongated art. By diminishing the retardation and a owing a greater discharge of the'glass, the lower part of the gather may be increased in diameter. Increasing the length of the impeller stroke increases the extent of the intrusion impulse. The strengthof this impulse may also be increased b lowering the working osition of the impe ler. The c iaracter an duration of the stroke may also be varied by changing the cam lobe 156. A faster lip-stroke increases the strength of thejintrusion impulse but applies it to a more limited portion of the gather by shortening its'duration. By forming the cam lobe to change the relative speeds at different portions of the up-stroke, yarious effects may be secured. For instance, the first part of the up-stroke may ering operation is to keep it out'of contact with all parts of the shear blades except the immediate cutting edges. This minimizes the chilling of the glass from the relatively colder shear Blades and also aids in keeping I the blades cooler. lt is'thcrcfore referable to operate this device with such aciiustmcnts as will allow the cut surface of the glass to be raised clear of the shear blades during and after severing.

By raising or lowering the shears they may be made to sever the glass at a higher or lower level, leaving a shorter or longer stub respectively. This len th of stub has an influence on the length of the gather. lon er stub tends to elongate the gather and a s orter stubtends to produce a shorter 'gather. This influence extends to the lower part of the gather especially.

By properly combining all the variable adjustments and allowing for or making use of the elongation and decrease of diameter of the gather during its accumulation and suspension, the shape of the gather and its resulting mold charge may be varied to suit various types of 11101 s to which the mold charge is to be delivered.- Some examples of this variation are shown in Figs. 3 to 26 which represent various molds containing mold charges which have just been deliveredto them. ig. 23 for instance, shows a blank-mold for a. narrow neck bottle with a gradually slopin shoulder. It is a mold of the type in WllGh the blank is formed in an inverted position, the formed blank being reverted for blowing to final form. The mold charge for this mold is largest at the upper end, tapering down gradually toward the lower end, being nearly a frustum of a cone. is charge fits the mold closely, tendingto form a good blank when the forming pressure is applied. Fig. 24 shows a press mod in Y which a tumbler is 30 be pressed. The

- mold charge for this mold is made chunky 45 and compact, so as to settle down and fill the lower end of the mold as soon as possible after delivery. This allows the pressing plunger to act on the glass to the best advantage. Fig. 25 shows a blank mold for a wide mouth bottle of cylindrical form. The mold charge for this is made as nearly 1 cylindrical as possible so that it fits the mold closely and quickly fills out the lower portion of the mold when the forming pressure is applied. Fig. 26 shows a lan mold for a narrow neck bottle having an abrupt shoulder below the neck. The mold charge for this differs from the mold charge shown in Fi 25 by having an elongation or po nt 190 formed at its lower end to fit the neck portion of the mold.

The steps 'in the formation of the mold charge required for the mold of Fig. 23 are shown in Fi 27 to 31 inclusive. portion of the outlet block or spout is shown shears and the raising speed A severing.

in section, with the outlet ring 52bel0w it. A medium sized impeller shaped at the end like Fig. 48 is shown. The shear blades 4 are shown diagrammatically and the arrows beneath them indicate the direction of their motion. The cutting speed of the of the glass below the outlet are set so as to shape the stub to give the desired shape to the end of the gather in connection with the elongation later given it. The shape of the cut resulting from this setting is shown in Fig. 31 where the shears have just completed The shape of this cut is the result of the motion of the shears combined with the upward motion of the glass imparted by the impeller moving upward. during the out. In Fig. 27 the stub is rounded out at the int 191 and is beginning to elongate. At t e same time the entire stub has been raised into the outlet by the upward motion of the impeller which is still moving upward to retard the glass. In Fig. 28 the impeller has reached its upper position and pauses there while the glass is dischar 'ng from the outlet to form the body of t e gather. When the glass has assumed the shape shown in Fig. 28 the impeller starts to move downward, accelerating the discharge of glass through the outlet as it approaches its low position shown in Fig. 29. Here the upper end of the gather is shown swelled out by the accelerated discharge of the glass. The impeller remains in this low position for a definite time while the gather elonates. It then starts to rise and has risen to the point shown in ig. 30, when the shear blades make contact with the glass. The severing then commences and takes place during the interval between Fig. 30 and Fig. 31 while the u ward motion of the impeller raises the g ass to form the point 192 of the stub by cooperation with the shears.

The steps in the formation of the mold charge shown in Fig. 24 are shown in Fi 32 to 36 inclusive. The i ller for t e compact charge desired is ma e blunt'er than in the previous example, being like that shown in Fig. 49. The outlet ring 52 is also made of a larger diameter, to give the necessary increased diameter of gather. The shears are so as to produce a stub which is blunt when rounded out, as shown in Fig 32 where In Fig.

the im ller is moving upward. 33 the un eller has reached its upper position and t e body of ing through the outlet. The impeller then starts to move downward and is'shown still moving downward in Fig. 34, having, by its downward impulse, swelled the gather as shown. This siselling action is continued by the continue downward motion of the impeller until the shears contact with the set to sever more quickly the gather 'is dischargglass as shown in Fig. 35. cam is set so that the impeller starts up immediatel after reaching the position shown in lg. 35. The severing operation takes place between the positions shown in Figs. 35 and 36. The effect of the impeller cam adjustment, both for character of the stroke and for relative time, is to continue swelling the gather until the severing operation starts and then to allow a minimum time for elongation of the gather before or during severing so that a short compact spheroidal gather is produce Figs. 37 and 38 illustrate the modifications employed to obtain the mold charges shown in Fig. 26. Here a niore ointed impeller is used, the one shown in l ig. 46 being employed. The orifice ring is chosen of the proper size to form the body of the gather. e shears are set lower down than in the first example, namely Figs. 27 to 31, to form a longer stub. They are also set for slower cutting speed than in this first example and the impe ler is set to rise later to give the shapes of shoulder and point shown. The impeller stroke is, set so as to allow the proper elongation of this point and after this to give a cylindrical body to the gather by the proper amount of additional impulse to the glass.

The mold charge shown in Fig. 25 is like the body of the charge shown In Fig. 26, the point 190 of Fig. 26 being absent. To form this charge the shears are set to cut more rapidly than for the charge of Fig. 26. The im eller is also set to give slower rise to the g ass during severing. This gives the blunter point shown.

Figs. 39 and ,40 illustrate a setting of the impeller stroke by which the impeller moves upward rapidly enough, before the severing operation starts. to form a reduced neck 193 a ove the gather before it is severed. This gives an approximately pear shaped gather. It also avoids the severing of a large column 0 Iglass.

lgS. 41 to 45 inclusive illustrate the delivery of mold charges at such speed and temperature that the glass isues from the outlet in a more elongated column breaking into a stream between interruptions. ,Here the impeller is moving upwardly in Figs. 4 4, 45 and 41, having reached its upper position in Fig. 42. It then moves downward to accelerate the flow of glass and reaches the lower position in Fig. 43 after which it begins to move upward again. The efi'ect is to withdraw or retract the stub of lass and interrupt the downward flow as s own. It also tends to compact and round the end of the stream and to make the mold charge as compact as possible under the circumstances. It thus aids in minimizing the difliculties due to lapping and folding of the charge when t settles in the mold.

The impeller One of the advantages of the illustrated embodiment of the invention over that type of glass feeding machine which employs a relatively lar e im ller or lunger, is in the more uni orm eat distribution in the mold charge. This desirable result is obtained by the use of an impeller of comparatively small diameter which greatly reduces the screen or shadow efi'ect of a larger impeller, which cuts off the direct radiation of heat from the furnace in the rear to the front of the forehearth, and thereby roduces a chilled zone on the front of the mold charge. By the use of a small impeller, as described, this chilling of the glass is reduced to a minimum and to poses entirely removed.

he organized machine shown and described herein asa preferred embodiment of this invention is only one of many possible embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the various features of the invention maybe modified, both instructure, combination, and arrangement, to adapt the invention to different uses or difl'erent conditions of service.

In order to provide a full and clear understanding of the invention herein claimed I have reproduced herein the complete specification and drawings of the original application Serial No. 294.792 of which the present application is a division. That specification and those drawingsdisclose many novel apparatus and process features that are patentably separate from the invention claimed herein. The claims of thisapplication are directed solely to that inventive matter, contained in the original ap lication, characterized by the cutting of t e glass while glass is being moved upward past the severing plane. Apparatus and processes disclosed in said original application, and not limited to said upward movement during cutting. are claimed in said original application and in other divisions thereof.

I claim as my invention:

1. In the manufacture of glassware, the method of delivering to successively presented molds, continuous series of similar charges of molten glass of shape and weight ap ropriate to the particular molds to be fed which method comprises discharging molten glass, ofproper viscosity, through a delivery orifice pf a roper contour and area to permit the fee ing of charges appropriate to the molds to be fed, severing a mold charge from the discharged glass, by thrusting shear blades through the discharged glass at a level spaced below said delivery orifice, raising a portion of the lass past the severing plane while the shear lades are cutting through the glass, thereby imparting a rounded or conoidal shape to the stub of lass remaining above the severing plane aiter severance, and initiatall practical pur- I ing through said delivery orifice, for the next succeeding mold charge, a new discharge of glass havin at its lower end a rounded or conoidal sliape resulting from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cutting 0 gration.

2. The method of feeding molten glass from a parent body in a succession of similar mold charges having rounded or conoidal lower ends, that comprises periodically flowing glass dowmvardly from the parent body through a submerged outlet, the glass being in a. condition suitable for working and such that a compact mass of glass at least equal to a moldcharge is accumulated by suspension of the issuing glass beyond the outlet, shearing a mold charge from each pendant mass by the simultaneous action of four shearing edges which together embrace and constrict the glass concentrically around the axis of the outlet, retracting said shearing edges upon the comple tion of the severing operation and, during the severing operation, lifting past the severing plane a portion of the discharged glass, thereby imparting a. rounded or conoidal hope to the stub of glass remaining above the shears after the severing operation, and initating through said delivery orifice a new discharge of glass having at its lower end a, rounded or conoidal shape resulting from the interaction between the shape resulting shear blades and the glass during the preceding severing operation.

3. In the manufactureiof glassware, the method of delivering to successively presented molds, continuous series of similar charges of molten glass of shape and weight appropriate to the particular molds to be fed. which method comprises discharging molten glass, of proper viscosity, through a delivery orifice of a proper contour and fee mg of charges aparea to permit the propriate to the molds to be fed, severing a mold charge from the dischar ed glass, by thrusting shear blades throu ll the discharged glass at a level spaced elow said delivery orifice, causing the speed of movement of the shear blades to decrease during an appreciable time while the shear blades are cuttin through the glass, raising a portion of t e glass past the severing plane while the shear blades are cutting through the glass, thereby imparting a rounded or conoida l sha e to the stub of glass remaining above tlie severing plane after severance, and initiating through said deliver orifice, for the next succeeding mold c arge, a new discharge of glass having at its lower end a rounded or conoidal from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cutting operation.

4. In the manufacture of glassware, the

method of delivering to successively presented molds, continuous series of similar charges of molten glass of shape and weight appropriate to the particular molds to be fed, which method comprises discharging molten glass, of proper viscosity, through a delivery orifice of a proper contour and area to permit the feeding of charges appropriate to the molds to be fed, severing a mold charge from the discharged glass, by thrusting shear blades through the discharged glass at decreasing speed and at a level spaced below said delivery orifice, raising a portion of the glass past the severing plane while the shear blades are cutting through the glass, thereby imparting a rounded or colloidal shape to the stub of glass remaining above the severing plane alter severance, and initiating through said delivery orifice, for the next succeeding mold charge, a. new discharge of glass having at its lower end a rounded or conoidal shape resulting from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cutting operation.

5. In the art of feeding molten glass in a succession of mold charges periodically cut oil by means of coacting shear blades from glass delivered downwardly through a discharge outlet, the steps of raising a portion of the glass past the said shear blades while the shear blades are cutting through the glass. and causing the speed of movement of the shear blades to decrease during an appreciable period while the shear blades are cutting through the glass, the lifting of the glass and the decreasing speed of the shears coactin to impart a conoidal shape to the stub 0 glass remaining above the shears after the severing operation.

6. In the manufacture of glassware, the method of delivering to successively presented molds, continuous series of similar charges of molten glass of shape and weight a propriate to the particular molds to be fed, w ich method comprises discharging molten glass, of proper viscosity, through a delivery orifice of a roper contour and area. to permit the feeding of charges appropriate to the molds to be fed, severing a mold charge from the discharged lass, by thrusting shear blades throiwh t ie discharged glass at a. level spaced below said delivery orifice, raisin a portion of the glass past the severing p ane while the shear' blades are cutting through the glass, thereby imparting a rounded or conoidal shape to the stub of glass remaining above the severing plane after severance, initiating through said delivery orifice, for the next succeeding mold charge, a new discharge of glass having at its lower end a rounded or conoidal sha )e resulting from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cuttingoperation, and producing mold charges having differently shaped conoidal lower ends by changing the speed at which the glass is raised past the severing plane.

7. In the manufacture of glassware, the method of delivering to successively presented molds, continuous series of similar charges of molten glass of shape and weight appropriate to the particular molds to be fed, which method comprises discharging molten glass, of roper viscosity, through a delivery orifice of a proper contour and area to permit the feeding of charges appropriate to. the molds to be fed, severing a mold charge from the discharged glass, by thrusting shear blades through the discharged glass at a levelspaced below said delivery orifice, causin the speed of movement of the shear blafes to decrease during an appreciable period while the shear blades are cutting through the glass, raising a ortion of tlie glass past the severing plhne while the shear blades are cutting through the glass, thereby imparting a rounded or conoidal shape to' the stub of glass remaining above-the severing plane after severance,

initiating through said delivery orifice, for the next succeeding mold charge, a new dischar e of glass having at its lower end a rounde or conoida shape resulting from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cutting operation,and producing mold charges having difl'erently shaped conoidal lowertnds by changing the rate at whichthe speed of the shear blades so decreases.

8. The method of giving a rounded or conoidal form to the lower ends of mold charges of molten glass which are discharged in succession from a suppl through an orifice, which method com rises periodically discharging a mass of mo ten glass from the exerting upon each mass after it is discharged, an upward retractive pull sufficient to raise a portion of the glass past a severing lplane thereby liftin a. portion of the disc arged glass past t e severing plane, thrusting shear blades toward the center of the upwardly moving lass thereby producing a localized roun ed or conoidal shape on that portion of the mass which is above the shear blades after the severing operation, and initiating through said orifice for the next succeeding mold charge a new discharge of glass having at its lower end a rounded or conoidal shape resulting from the interaction between the shear blades and the glass during the preceding cutting o oration.

9. The metho which comprises causing molten glass to issue from an outlet, severing the spaced be ow and meeting in axiaP-alignment with the outlet, and moving the mass of glass adjacent to the shears upwardly during the severing operation.

-let from; a container,

causing molten lass by opposed shear members 10-. The method of shaping the lower ends of a succession of mold charges of molten glass delijvered downwardly through an outwhich comprises periodically causing glass below said outlet to move upwardly, and severin r the glass by oppositely directed shear blades passing through the upwardly moving glass at a level spaced below the outset.

11. The method of forming a succession of mold charges of molten glass that comprises producing, at the outlet of a glass container, a succession of freely-hanging masses of glass, and cutting off a mold charge from each of said suspended masses by a pair of cooperating shear members meeting in axial alignment with and spaced below the outlet, while lifting the glass relative to the cutting means, and thereby producing a conoidal lower end upon the next succeeding mass.

12. The method of shaping the lower ends of a succession of mold charges of molten glass delivered dmvnwardly through an outlet from a container, which comprises periodical] causing glass below and adjacent to sai outlet to move upwardly, thrusting oppositely directed shear blades throu h the upwardly moving glass and imme iately withdrawingthe blades, whereby the shape imparted to the glass remaining above said shear blades, after the severing operation, is retained as the shape of the lower end of the next succeeding mold charge.

' 13. The method of shaping the lower ends of a succession of mold charges of molten glass delivered downwardly through an outlet from a container, which comprises periodically causing glass below said outlet to move upwardly, severing the glass by oppositely directed shear blades passing through the upwardly moving glass at a level spaced below. the outlet, at such speed as to produce a conoidal stub above said shear blades, and quickly withdrawing the shear blades, thereby preservin at the lower end of the next succeeding mold charge the she e imparted to the glass remaining above sa' shear blades after the severing operation.

14. The method of producing and shaping a mold charge of molten glass that comprises lass to issue from a container in a pen ant column, severing said column by a pair of shears having their cutting edges meeting in axial alignment with and spaced below the container, and lifting the glass adjacent to the point. of severance during at least a portin of the severin operation.

15. e method of producing and shaping a mold charge of molten glass that comprises deliverm molten glass from a container in a pen ant column, causin a portion of said column to move upwar y with 

